História de Israel: desafios do ensino a partir da Arqueologia

Abstract

Thinking about the history of Israel is one of the fundamental procedures for studying the Judeo-Christian Sacred Scripture. Particularly, since the beginnings of Christianity there has been great interest in the people of Jesus and their history, even because of the sacredness that surrounds the history of Israel. Many theories have been formulated over the years; with the advent of advances in archeology, especially applied to biblical study, many revelations arise, bringing new questions to the teaching and study of this history. Thus, in the mid-twentieth century, despite excavations that brought new perspectives, the understanding and transmission that there was a united kingdom in Israel under the governments of Saul, David and Solomon prevailed among scholars and teaching. From the biblical text and its analysis, a Judaite empire under the reign of David and Solomon spread; the riches of Solomon's buildings have been a cause of admiration for many scholars. However, with the advance of excavations, including the independence of archeology in relation to maximilaist and minimalist currents, we see another story being unearthed. One in which the peoples of Samaria and Jerusalem had independent historical processes until the fall of Samaria (722 B.C.); their contacts were from neighboring peoples, who sometimes made alliances, other times warred with each other. The challenge of archaeological discoveries is readily posed to teaching as well, in a way that requires a bibliographical review and greater acceptance of the scientificity of biblical study.